Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. [citation needed]. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. The earthworks were removed by 1869. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Salisbury University, 1991). With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. 62-65. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. Harris (2011) pp. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. Life in a CCC Camp Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Join us July 13-16! WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. By the end of the war, 1 in 3 men imprisoned at Florencedied. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. or "The South shall be free!" As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. History [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. civil War original matches. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of ", Schearer, Michael. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. Every purchase supports the mission. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. He has been concealed for more than six months. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. Coming Soon!! Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. "Start-up nation? [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. Yes No An official form of the United States government. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. But, as S. Waite On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of WebEmerging Civil War Series. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. It was 1942. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) J.E.B. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72].